Применение методов omics в изучении эндофитных микроорганизмов: обзор предметного поля

Введение: Зерновые культуры являются основой продовольственной безопасности во многих регионах, в том числе в Кузбассе, но сталкиваются с угрозой снижения урожайности из-за биотических стрессов. Эффективным решением может стать использование эндофитных микроорганизмов, однако их взаимодействие с растениями еще недостаточно изучено. Omics-технологии предоставляют возможность детально изучить эти взаимоотношения, открывая путь к повышению продуктивности зерновых.

Цель и исследовательские вопросы: обобщение и систематизация знаний об эндофитных микроорганизмах, полученных с применением omics-ных технологий.

Материалы и методы: Поиск производился в период с 4 по 18 декабря 2023 г в базах данных Scopus, ScienceDirect, GoogleSchoolar по ключевым словам endophytes, endosphere, RNA, transcriptome, genes, wheat, barley, oats. Поиск не ограничивали по временному периоду. Из 239 релевантных с точки зрения ключевых слов публикаций, 62 соответствовали критериям включения. Обзор предметного поля опирается на протокол PRISMA-ScR.

Результаты: В результате поиска обнаружено 62 источника, посвященных изучению эндофитного поведения с применением современных молекулярно-генетических методов исследования. Проведенный анализ позволил выявить следующие тренды применения эндофитных микроорганизмов: разработка микробных биостимуляторов сельскохозяйственных культур; применение в качестве агентов биологического контроля инфекционных заболеваний растений. Выявленные тренды согласуются с предыдущими обзорами данной предметной области. В отличие от ранних исследований, акцент смещен на реализацию генетического потенциала микробиоты, рассматриваются возможности модернизации генетической информации микроорганизмов.

Выводы: Необходимо развитие сферы применения молекулярно-генетических методов для изучения эндофитных микроорганизмов, так как их применение в качестве биоконтроля может стать многообещающей стратегией устойчивого развития агропромышленного комплекса. Особенный акцент необходимо сделать на изучение взаимосвязи данных микроорганизмов и зерновых культур, так как на данный момент сведений в современной научной литературе недостаточно.

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