Клеточное выращивание мяса: обзор предметного поля

Введение: В свете нарастающего глобального демографического роста, мясная индустрия сталкивается с проблемами в обеспечении достаточного уровня производства мясных продуктов, чтобы удовлетворить возрастающий мировой спрос. В этом контексте растительные белки и другие альтернативные источники белка представляют собой перспективные варианты для устойчивой замены животных белков. Особое внимание в последнее время уделяется разработке культивированного мяса.

Цель: комплексный анализ современного состояния и перспектив развития альтернативных источников белка, включая растительные белки и культивированное мясо, в контексте глобальных вызовов, связанных с необходимостью удовлетворения возрастающего спроса на мясные продукты при одновременном снижении негативного воздействия на окружающую среду и обеспечении устойчивости продовольственных систем.

Материалы и методы: Источники подбирали в базах данных Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed. Из 187 источников, релевантных по ключевым ловам, 79 соответствовали критериям включения. Обзор предметного поля опирался на протокол PRISMA-ScR.

Результаты: Воссоздание мясной ткани представляет сложность из-за её комплексной структуры, включающей разнообразные клетки, внеклеточный матрикс, белки, питательные вещества и факторы роста, что ставит перед современной тканевой инженерией и 3D-культурой тканей определённые вызовы. Клеточное сельское хозяйство, производящее агропродукцию из клеточных культур, требует добавления питательной среды для обеспечения необходимых условий для пролиферации, дифференциации и созревания клеток. Различные типы клеток, включая стволовые и сателлитные клетки, используются для создания культивированного мяса, при этом ключевым аспектом является выбор клеток с высокой репродуктивной способностью.

Выводы: Выращивание мяса представляет собой технологический прорыв для мировой пищевой индустрии, предлагая решение проблем экологии, устойчивого развития, общественного здоровья и благополучия животных. Его широкое распространение в будущем ограничивается в основном недоступностью технологий, в то время как потенциальные потребители уже в значительной мере готовы принять эту инновацию.

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