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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">foodmeta</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">FOOD METAENGINEERING</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FOOD METAENGINEERING</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-6497</issn><publisher><publisher-name>All-Russian Dairy Research Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37442/fme.2025.3.82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">foodmeta-82</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальное эмпирическое исследование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Empirical Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка рисков использования дополнительной газо- ароматообразующей культуры Leuconostoc в составе поливидовых бактериальных заквасок для сыроделия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk assessment of the use of additional gas-aromatic culture Leuconostoc in the composition of multispecies bacterial starters for cheese making</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1231-8388</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свириденко</surname><given-names>Галина Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sviridenko</surname><given-names>Galina M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Technical Sciences, Chief Researcher in the Microbiological Research Department of Milk and Dairy Products</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">g.sviridenko@fncps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2145-1439</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамыкин</surname><given-names>Денис Станиславович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamykin</surname><given-names>Denis S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник направления микробиологических исследований молока и молочных продуктов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher in the Department of Microbiological Research of Milk and Dairy Products</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.mamykin@fncps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7665-8517</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шухалова</surname><given-names>Ольга Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shukhalova</surname><given-names>Olga M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Technical Sciences, Head of Microbiological Research Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.shukhalova@fncps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking – Branch of V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, RAS</institution></aff><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт маслоделия и сыроделия – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова» РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking – Branch of V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Свириденко Г.М., Мамыкин Д.С., Шухалова О.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Свириденко Г.М., Мамыкин Д.С., Шухалова О.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sviridenko G.M., Mamykin D.S., Shukhalova O.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fme-journal.org/jour/article/view/82">https://www.fme-journal.org/jour/article/view/82</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение: Ключевым фактором, определяющим качество сыров, является сбалансированность состава заквасочной микрофлоры, вариабельность соотношения микроорганизмов может существенно влиять на органолептический профиль продукта. Дисбаланс в сторону преобладания лейконостоков над диацетильными лактококками способен провоцировать дефекты: отсутствие рисунка, неконтролируемое газообразование, пороки вкуса. Однако до сих пор не разработаны четкие критерии оптимального соотношения газо- и ароматообразующих микроорганизмов, что затрудняет стандартизацию технологических процессов производства сыров.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: Установление влияния варьирования соотношения Lc. lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis и Leuconostoc в составе поливидовой закваски на формирование органолептического профиля полутвердых сыров, и определение зоны оптимальных концентраций, минимизирующей риски возникновения пороков.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: При выполнении исследований объектами являлись моновидовые бактериальные закваски (Lc. lactis subsp. lactis, Lc. cremoris, Lc. lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis, Leuconostoc subsp.); сыр Голландский после прессования, в процессе созревания и в стадии кондиционной зрелости. Измерение массовой доли общего и водорастворимого белка проводили методом Кьельдаля. Степень протеолиза оценивали по соотношению водорастворимого белка к общему. Молекулярно-массовое распределение растворимых азотистых соединений в водном экстракте определяли методом гель-фильтрации. Определение массовой доли лактозы, галактозы, глюкозы и молочной кислоты проводили при помощи системы капиллярного электрофореза. Вкусо-ароматический профиль сыров определяли по содержанию летучих ароматобразующих веществ в паровой фазе сыра кондиционной зрелости.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Использование культуры Leuconostoc subsp. замедляет интенсивность гликолиза на этапе выработки и протеолиза в процессе созревания, а также снижает общее количество летучих вкусо-ароматических веществ и их разнообразие в сырах кондиционной зрелости, при этом увеличивает количество низкомолекулярных пептидов и аминокислот в сырах в возрасте 60 суток.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: Установлено, что при внесении культуры Leuconostoc subsp. в состав поливидовой бактериальной концентрированной закваски более 20,0 %, появляются риски ухудшения органолептических показателей таких, как недостаточная выраженность сырного вкуса и аромата, мажущаяся консистенция, возникновение гнездовидного рисунка и небольших трещин до 15 мм и, как следствие – снижения сортности сыров на основании общей балльной оценки. Полученные результаты могут применяться биофабриками для научно-обоснованного конструирования поливидовых бактериальных концентрированных заквасок для сыроделия.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The key factor determining the quality of cheeses is the balance of the starter microflora composition; the variability of the microorganism ratio can significantly affect the organoleptic profile of the product. An imbalance towards the predominance of leuconostocs over diacetyl lactococci can provoke defects: lack of a pattern, uncontrolled gas formation, taste defects. However, clear criteria for the optimal ratio of gas- and aroma-forming microorganisms have not yet been developed, which complicates the standardization of technological processes for the production of cheeses.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Establishing the influence of varying the ratio of Lc. lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis and Leuconostoc in the composition of a polyspecies starter culture on the formation of the organoleptic profile of semi-hard cheeses, and determining the zone of optimal concentrations that minimizes the risks of defects.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The objects of the research were monospecific bacterial starters (Lc. lactis subsp. lactis, Lc. cremoris, Lc. lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis, Leuconostoc subsp.); Dutch cheese after pressing, during maturation and at the stage of conditioned maturity. The mass fraction of total and water-soluble protein was measured by the Kjeldahl method. The degree of proteolysis was estimated by the ratio of water-soluble protein to total protein. The molecular weight distribution of soluble nitrogen compounds in the aqueous extract was determined by gel filtration. The mass fraction of lactose, galactose, glucose and lactic acid was determined using a capillary electrophoresis system. The flavor profile of cheeses was determined by the content of volatile aroma-forming substances in the vapor phase of cheese of conditioned maturity.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The use of Leuconostoc subsp. culture slows down the intensity of glycolysis at the production stage and proteolysis during the ripening process, and also reduces the total amount of volatile flavor and aroma substances and their diversity in cheeses of conditioned maturity, while increasing the amount of low-molecular peptides and amino acids in cheeses aged 60 days.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. It has been established that when introducing Leuconostoc subsp. in the composition of the polyspecies bacterial concentrated starter culture more than 20.0%, there are risks of deterioration of organoleptic indicators such as insufficient expression of cheese taste and aroma, smearing consistency, the appearance of a nest-like pattern and small cracks up to 15 mm and, as a consequence, a decrease in the grade of cheeses based on the overall score. The obtained results can be used by biofactories for scientifically based design of multispecies bacterial concentrated starters for cheese making.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полутвердый сыр</kwd><kwd>заквасочные культуры</kwd><kwd>Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis</kwd><kwd>Leuconostoc</kwd><kwd>газо-ароматообразующие заквасочные микроорганизмы</kwd><kwd>органолептические характеристики</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>semi-hard cheese</kwd><kwd>starter cultures</kwd><kwd>Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis</kwd><kwd>Leuconostoc</kwd><kwd>gas-aromatic starter microorganisms</kwd><kwd>organoleptic characteristics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранова, И. В., &amp; Голова Е.Е. (2021). Российский рынок сыров в условиях пандемии COVID-19: состояние и перспективы развития. 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