foodmetaFOOD METAENGINEERINGFOOD METAENGINEERING2949-6497All-Russian Dairy Research Institutefoodmeta-116Research ArticleОбзорная статьяScoping ReviewДрожжевые компоненты в кормлении лактирующих коров: обзор предметного поляYeast components in feeding lactating cows: a scoping reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-9904БалакиревНиколай АлександровичBalakirevNikolai Alexandrovich

доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор кафедры частной зоотехнии, академик РАН

Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor at the Department of Specialized Animal Husbandry, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences 

sci@mgavm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3369-5673ЮроваЕлена АнатольевнаYurovaElena Anatolievna

Кандидат технических наук,

заведующий Лабораторией Технохимического контроля и арбитражных методов анализа ФГАНУ ВНИМИ

Scopus ID: 57211093053

Candidate of Technical Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Technochemical Control and Arbitral Methods of Analysis at the All-Russian Dairy Research Institute (VNIMI)

SPIN-code: 3765-5798 

e_yurova@vnimi.orghttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-4411-527XСербаЕкатерина ВладиславовнаSerbaEkaterina Vladislavovna

Младший научный сотрудник Лаборатории технохимического контроля  и арбитражных методов анализа ФГАНУ ВНИМИ

SPIN-код автора:7730-1651

Master's degree, Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Technochemical Control and Arbitral Methods of Analysis at the All-Russian Dairy Research Institute (VNIMI) ,

SPIN-code: 7730-1651

e_serba@vnimi.orgМосковская государственная академия ветеринарной медицины и биотехнологии – МВА имени К.И. СкрябинаMoscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – K.I. Skryabin MVAФГАНУ "ВНИМИ"РоссияAll-Russian Dairy Research Institute (VNIMI)Russian Federation20263009202643116Copyright © Балакирев Н.А., Юрова Е.А., Серба Е.В., 20262026Балакирев Н.А., Юрова Е.А., Серба Е.В.Balakirev N.A., Yurova E.A., Serba E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.fme-journal.org/jour/article/view/116Введение

Введение: Интенсификация молочного животноводства требует точного управления рационами, включая использование дрожжевых кормовых добавок для стабилизации рубцового пищеварения и поддержания иммунного статуса коров. Однако эмпирические данные о влиянии различных дрожжевых компонентов остаются фрагментированными: живые дрожжи изучаются преимущественно в контексте рубцовой физиологии, а инактивированные, с точки зрения системной иммуномодуляции. Отсутствие единой типологии, дифференцирующей дрожжевые продукты по механизмам действия и условиям эффективности, не позволяет сформулировать доказательные рекомендации по их применению.

Цель

Цель: Систематизация современных литературных данных о влиянии различных дрожжевых компонентов на физиологические и продуктивные показатели лактирующих коров.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы: Поиск литературы проведён в базах Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, РИНЦ за период 2015–2025 годов. Из 703 первоначально идентифицированных публикаций по руководству PRISMA-ScR в обзор включена 64 оригинальные статьи.

Результаты

Результаты: Доля публикаций по постбиотическим формам выросла с 33% (2015–2020) до 48% (2021–2025). Установлено, что живые дрожжи эффективны как модуляторы рубцовой ферментации и адаптогены при тепловом стрессе у коров, тогда как продукты ферментации (постбиотики) проявляют системное иммуномодулирующее и антиоксидантное действие, особенно значимое в переходный период.

Заключение

Заключение: Выявлен тренд к использованию постбиотиков и персонализированных схем кормления для лактирующих коров. Перспективные направления включают сравнительные исследования всех типов компонентов, интеграцию рубцовых и иммунологических исходов, стандартизацию дозирования и масштабные производственные испытания.

Introduction

Introduction: The intensification of dairy farming requires precise nutritional management, including the use of yeast-based feed additives to stabilize rumen fermentation and support the immune status of dairy cows. However, empirical evidence on the effects of different yeast components remains fragmented: live yeasts are predominantly studied in the context of rumen physiology, whereas inactivated forms are investigated primarily from the perspective of systemic immunomodulation. The absence of a unified typology that differentiates yeast products according to their mechanisms of action and conditions of efficacy precludes the formulation of evidence-based recommendations for their use.

Purpose

Purpose: To systematize current scientific literature on the effects of various yeast components on the physiological and productive parameters of lactating dairy cows.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods: The literature search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Elibrary for the period 2015–2025. From 703 initial records, 64 original articles were selected according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines.

Results

Results: The share of publications on postbiotic forms increased from 33% (2015–2020) to 48% (2021–2025). Live yeast was shown to be effective as a rumen fermentation modulator and an adaptogen under heat stress, whereas fermentation products (postbiotics) exhibit systemic immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects, particularly important during the transition period.

Conclusions

Conclusions: A trend towards the use of postbiotics and personalised feeding strategies has been identified. Promising research directions include direct comparative studies of all component types, integration of ruminal and immunological outcomes, dosage standardisation, and large-scale industrial trials.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.